What groups listed below have true cell walls?
A. algae
B. mycoplasmas
C. Gram-positive bacteria D. fungi
E. protozoans
2. Identify which statements are correct.
A. All bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls. B. All fungi have chitin in their cell walls.
C. All algae have cellulose in their cell walls
D. All protozoans have protein in their cell walls.
3. Which of the following characteristics do not occur in prokaryotic cells?
A. cellular organization
B. thylakoid membranes within chloroplasts
C. oxygenic photosynthesis
D. anaerobic respiration
E. several circular chromosomes
4. The membrane of gas vesicles is composed of:
A. triglycerides
B. phospholipids
C. proteins
D. lipopolysaccharide
E. hydrocarbons
5. Which of the following are not found in Cyanobacteria? A. thylakoids
B. gas vesicles
C. chloroplasts
D. heterocysts
E. endospores
6. Phagocytosis is not a characteristic of which groups?
A. protozoans
B. algae
C. fungi
D. Archaea
E. Bacteria
7. The bacterial cytoplasmic membrane contains:
A. ester-linked phospholipids, but no sterols
B. ester-linked phospholipids and sterols
C. ether-linked phospholipids, but no sterols
D. ether-linked phospholipids, sulfolipids, and glycolipids
8. Who accidentally identified the antimicrobial action of penicillin?
A. Robert Koch
B. Richard Petri
C. Alexander Fleming
D. Louis Pasteur
E. Lazzaro Spallanzani
9. Ribosomes associated with cells or organelles have a certain size, which is expressed in Svedberg units.
Which associations are incorrect?
A. cyanobacteria - 80s
B. chloroplasts - 70s
C. photosynthetic bacteria - 80s
D. green algal cytoplasm - 80s
E. mitochondria - 70s
10. Which group(s) of microorganisms is (are) thought to be the oldest living organisms?
A. eukaryotes
B. heterotrophic prokaryotes
C. Archaea
D. viruses
E. autotrophic prokaryotes
11. Based on studies of 16S ribosomal RNA and cell wall composition, which of the following bacteria are classified as Archaea?
A. Halobacterium
B. Methanococcus
C. Sulfolobus
D. Desulfovibrio
12. Which group(s) of fungi do not generally produce sexual reproductive structures and are also sometimes known as imperfect fungi?
A. Ascomycotina
B. Oomycetes
C. Zygomycotina
D. Hyphochridiomycetes
E. Deuteromycotina
13. When comparing the types of viruses that infect bacteria, plants, and vertebrate animals, what trends appear from bacterial to vertebrate viral groups?
A. more complex-type forms
B. more enveloped forms
C. fewer enveloped forms
D. same number of DNA-containing forms
E. fewer complex-type forms
14. Plaques are:
A. clear areas in a lawn of cultured cells caused by virus infection.
B. stained areas in a cell culture indicating cells infected by a virus.
C. virus colonies on agar.
D. bacterial colonies on agar
15. In order to grow, all microorganisms require:
A. liquid water
B. organic substances
C. oxygen
D. warm temperatures
E. low pressure
16. Superoxide dismutase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of oxygen radicals to peroxides. Which groups of organisms do not have this enzyme?
A. aerobes
B. facultative anaerobes
C. oxyduric anaerobes
D. oxylabile anaerobes
17. Identify the correct statement(s). In prokaryotes:
A. Translation begins before transcription is finished.
B. Messanger RNA is not co-linear with the DNA template.
C. 5s, 16s, and 28s ribosomal RNA's are present.
D. 50s and 30s ribosomal subunits are necessary for protein synthesis.
E. mRNA is monocistronic
18. Which of these are a type of mutation?
A. base substitution
B. translocation
C. nonsense codons
D. recombination
E. insertion sequences
F. reversions
19. A small molecule that combines with a specific allosteric protein so that both prevent RNA polymerase activity is called a(n):
A. inducer
B. repressor
C. corepressor
D. leader
E. ATP
20. Rolling circle replication refers to:
A. DNA replication in every prokaryotic cell division
B. DNA transfer during conjugation
C. mitosis
D. meiosis
21. Hfr strains of bacteria:
A. do not have an "F" (fertility) factor.
B. have an "F" factor plasmid.
C. have an "F" factor integrated in the bacterial chromosome.
D. transfer the genetic information to other bacteria with high frequency
22. Match the following terms (1-6) with their respective meanings (A-F).
1. fermentation 2. respiration 3. autotroph
4. lithotroph
5. heterotroph 6. phototroph
A. carbon from organic compounds
B. carbon from CO2
C. oxidative phosphorylation
D. substrate-level phosphorylation
E. energy from oxidation of inorganic compounds F. energy from light
The proper combination is:
A. 1A-2B-3E-4F-5C-6D C. 1D-2C-3B-4E-5A-6F B. 1D-2C-3A-4B-5E-6F D. 1C-2A-3B-4E-5F-6D
23. What chemicals are responsible for the flavor and holes in Swiss cheese?
A. lactate, oxygen
B. propionic acid, carbon dioxide
C. acetic acid, carbon dioxide
D. ethanol, hydrogen
E. butyric acid, hydrogen
24. Which of the following are not examples of a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?
A. nitrate
B. hydrogen sulfide
C. iron hydroxide
D. H2
E. sulfate
25. Which photosynthetic pigments are found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic photoautotrophs?
A. chlorophyll c
B. carotenoids
C. phycobilins
D. phycocyanin E. chlorophyll a
26. The site of ATP synthesis in microorganisms includes:
A. cytoplasmic membranes
B. cell walls
C. chloroplasts
D. mitochondria
27. NAD and FAD are hydrogen carriers, but cytochromes are electron carriers in bacteria. What happens to the protons (H+) in electron transport chains?
A. B. C. D.
They go into solution inside the cytoplasm.
They are taken back by NAD and FAD.
They are carried from cytochromes to oxygen to form water. They go into solution outside the cytoplasmic membrane.
28. The Calvin cycle:
A. is a C3 pathway
B. is used by all photoautotrophic microorganisms
C. is a C4 pathway
D. is a dark reaction
E. occurs in the thylakoid space in chloroplasts
29.
The oxidation-reduction pairs X/XH2 and Y/YH2 have reduction potentials of -50 and +75 millivolts, respectively. This means that electrons would most likely be removed from _____ to reduce _____.
A. B. C. D. E.
XH2, X Y, XH2 YH2, X Y, YH2 XH2, Y
30.Identify the correct statement(s). In eukaryotic microorganisms: A. mRNA is long-lived (hours to days).
B. a single, circular chromosome is present.
C. 5s, 16s, and 23s ribosomal RNA's are present.
D. extrachromosomal DNA can be present.
E. the initiation sequence in mRNA codes for N-formylmethionine.
31. Which factor is primarily responsible for the division of bacterial populations into specific zones within sediments?
A. predation by protozoans
B. free oxygen availability
C. competition for suitable electron acceptors D. cometabolism of organic compounds
E. temperature
32. Which compounds produced by microorganisms can cause fever in humans and can withstand autoclaving?
A. endotoxin
B. Lipid A
C. lipopolysaccharide D. peptidoglycan
E. diaminopimelic acid
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